Nutrition ( proteins , carbohydrates and Fats)

  Nutrition

Nutrition classification

1) Macronutrients

2) Micronutrients

Macronutrients 

1) these are the nutrients consumed relatively in larger quantities per day.
2) they have the potential to provide energy.
3) Example : Proteins, fats and carbohydrates.

Micronutrients 

1) these are the nutrients consumed relatively in smaller quantities per day.
2) they do not provide energy.
3) Example : Vitamins and Minerals.

Protein

1) A protein is made up of chain of amino acids, joined one after another in a sequence: AA1- AA2- AA3-AA4-AA5-AA6.

2) 20 different amino acids are used to make a Protein.

3) Protein is composed of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen atoms.

4) Protein is the only macronutrient that contains 'Nitrogen'; hence only protein can repair and grow muscle tissue.

Function of protein

 

1) Body structure - muscles, bones, teeth, & hair.

2) Repair and growth of muscles.

3) Muscle contraction - Actin & Myosin.

4) Certain Hormones are protein based. Example - Insulin

5) Enzymes act as catalyst in all biochemical reactions.

6) Immunoglobulins/Antibodies that fight infection are also protein based.

7) The Transport protein. Example - Hemoglobin (helps in transportation of oxygen).

First class proteins

1) Complete protein Contains all 9 essential amino acids in good quantities.

2) Can repair and grow muscles optimally.

3) Includes all animal-derived proteins.

4) sources :

     1) Animal derived foods like Eggs, Chicken, Fish, Mutton.

     2) Milk derived Foods like Cottage Chesse, Milke, Curd.

     3) Supplement Options : Whey and Casein .

Second class proteins

   

1) Incomplete Protein. Contains one or more essential amino acids lesser in quantity .

  

2) Cannot repair and grow muscles Optimally.

3) Includes all planr proteins.

4) Sources :

       Pulses like Tur, Masoor, moong 

       

       Legumes like Rajma chole, chana 

     

       Sprouts like Moong Matki 

   

       Soya bean, Soya milk, Soya paneer (Tofu)  

      Nuts - Almonds, Walnuts.

Fats

• The Fats that we eat majorly contains Triglycerides.
• A Triglycerides is made up of one Glycerol and three Fatty acids.

Function of Fats

     

Supply of energy.